Context: Most ophthalmologic literature is written in English. There is a wide range of books available for the preparation of the International Council of Ophthalmology (ICO) examinations. Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the assessment of the literature consulted by Spanish-speaking candidates who sat for the ICO examinations. Settings and Design: Observational study based on a survey to candidates in Spanish-speaking countries. Methods: Online surveys were sent to candidates residing in Latin America and Spain who passed the ICO examinations in the past 5 years. The survey asked about fluency in English, language in which the examination was studied, literature consulted in English and Spanish. Literature was classified by the language. Statistical Analysis Used: Qualitative analysis and description of the answers. Results: One hundred and thirty-three responses were obtained from the candidates from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Spain, Mexico, Peru, the Dominican Republic and Venezuela, who had passed at least one ICO examination. Seventy-eight resources were identified (14 in Spanish and 64 in English). The most widely used resource was the Basic and Clinical Science Course collection of the American Academy of Ophthalmology, English version. Conclusions: The prevalence of English bibliography can be a challenge for Spanish-speaking candidates when taking international examinations. It would be useful to increase the number of publications and more updated literature in Spanish to encourage Hispanic candidates.

Descriptive case series of visual function of high performance judokas.

Juvenile glaucoma is a rare entity, starting below the age of 35–40 years, which is discovered as a casual finding in reviews or consultations for other reasons. It is inherited from autosomal dominant penetrance. It can lead to a loss of visual acuity. The treatment is similar to conventional glaucoma, although its control, when diagnosed, is usually late and usually leads to more complex management. The differential diagnosis of glaucoma by steroids, trauma, inflammatory, or congenital late diagnosis must be made. The main difference with other types of glaucoma is that it is generally asymptomatic, and there is no corneal edema or Haag striae. Surgery is an alternative when drug treatment fails. Through a real case, we want to introduce and develop this ophthalmological pathology. This is a 25-year-old male with a history of myopia, who at a casual check-in an optician's shop is found to have increased intraocular pressure (IOP). In the campimetry was seen a ring scotoma (right eye) and an arciform scotoma (left eye [LE]). Distant vision was preserved. In optical coherence tomography there was bilateral decrease of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness , and in the right eye (RE) gonoscopy showed a highly pigmented Grade IV open angle. Initially, pharmacological management was attempted (with carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-blockers and prostaglandin analogs) by achieving it in the LE. However, the RE ended up with a trabeculectomy, obtaining, in the end, a good control of the IOP.