Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the glycemic control and cardiovascular risk (CV risk) change in diabetes mellitus type II (DM-II) patients undergoing uncomplicated bilateral cataract phacoemulsification surgery. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: We selected 28 patients who underwent uncomplicated bilateral cataract surgery at Centro Hospitalar de Entre o Douro e Vouga between January 2018 and December 2019. Inclusion Criteria: We included patients submitted to bilateral cataract surgery without other known ophthalmological pathology. Furthermore, there were available records of their comorbidities, lipid profile, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and body max index (BMI) prior to and in the 6 months following surgery. Materials and Methods: We assessed our patient cohort for changes in HbA1c, lipid profile, BMI, and blood pressure before and after surgery. We further subdivided our patient cohort into two different groups: group 1 – no to mild visual impairment, ≤0.48 logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR); Group 2 – moderate to severe visual impairment, >0.48 LogMAR, and assessed for the same variables at the mentioned time points. Comparisons were done using paired samples Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank and repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc tests, respectively. Results: Following cataract surgery and subsequent improved visual acuity (VA), our patient cohort showed decreased HbA1c, lower arterial blood pressure, and decreased BMI, with an improved CV risk score within 6 months of cataract surgery. These improvements were more evident in the patients with worse baseline VA. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification cataract surgery resulted in improved CV risk and glycemic control in DM-II patients.

A young adult Asian Indian male presented to us with a 1-month history of trauma to the right eye (RE) with a tennis ball. He had intraocular pressure (IOP) of 32 mmHg while on three topical antiglaucoma drugs and oral acetazolamide, with uncontrolled inflammation in the anterior chamber (AC) and arteriolar occlusions in the periphery. His best corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in RE. Fluorescein angiography of the RE showed the presence of neovascularization of disc (NVD). Magnetic resonance angiography of the head and neck, and blood investigations ruled out the embolic origin of arteriolar occlusion and systemic causes for inflammation. Intra ocular pressure (IOP) and inflammation were controlled with appropriate treatment. NVD resolved with photocoagulation treatment (PRP) for capillary non-perfusion areas in 4 weeks. This case documents the occurrence of arteriolar occlusion, with neovascularization after arteriolar occlusion post blunt trauma, and successful adjunct use of topical cyclosporine in the management of AC inflammation and high IOP.