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Case Report: Scare air gun-induced ocular trauma in an agriculture farm in India |
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Srinivasan Sanjay, Aditi Gupta, Shylaja Uday Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:56 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_54_22
Purpose: The purpose was to highlight the potential dangers of the air gun loaded with carbide commonly used by the farmers, causing injury to the eye. Scare airguns are used to prevent the birds from destroying the crops in their fields.
Method: This was an observational study.
Results: A 44-year-old Indian male presented to us with redness, diminution of vision, and mucopurulent discharge in his right eye (RE). On evaluation, it showed lid edema, excoriations, conjunctival congestion, corneal epithelial defect, anterior chamber inflammation, and hyphema in his RE. On his last follow-up a month later, hyphema and anterior chamber inflammation had resolved in his RE with an improved visual acuity. He was also educated about the dangers of using illegal air guns.
Conclusion: Eye protection should be used when using devices that are inflammable. Ocular air gun injuries can range from some causing minor corneal abrasions to potentially serious ones. Due to the timely evaluation and treatment of our patient, the patient did not suffer significant visual morbidity.
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Case Report: Maternally inherited diabetes and deafness macular dystrophy |
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Vitor Miranda, Catarina Aguiar, Jao Chibante-Pedro, Miguel Ruao Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:55 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_47_22
The m.3243A>G variant in the MTL1 gene is a DNA point mutation which has been shown to cause a variety of diseases including retinal abnormalities. We report on the ophthalmologic phenotype and systemic findings in a new patient with this mutation, presenting with sensorineural hearing loss, diabetes and macular dystrophy. We characterized the retinal phenotype with a multimodal approach and throughout the follow-up period we observed sustained centripetal progression of the areas of chorioretinal atrophy.
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Case Report: Simultaneous clinical presentation of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease and ocular tuberculosis: A diagnostic and therapeutic challenge |
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Raul E Ruiz-Lozano, I Jocelyn Rivera-Alvarado, Luis A Rodriguez-Gutierrez, Lucas A Garza-Garza, Alejandro Rodriguez-Garcia Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:54 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_45_22
The simultaneous occurrence of an infectious and an autoimmune systemic disorder associated with bilateral panuveitis is always feasible but improbable. While Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada requires prompt systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressives, ocular tuberculosis (TB) requires multiple antibiotic therapies, and to a certain extent, corticosteroids to avoid inflammatory damage to crucial intraocular structures. We report a patient with granulomatous bilateral panuveitis, in which VKH and ocular TB were diagnosed simultaneously. This case emphasizes the importance of ruling out TB in the presence of a granulomatous panuveitis, despite the lack of pulmonary manifestations, especially in an endemic country. The hindmost because both diseases require different treatments.
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Case Report: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography findings in epibulbar choristomas: Case Series |
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Martha Gonzalez-Hernandez, Fernando Martinez-Solis, Miguel Paz-Gonzalez, Manuel Garza-Leon Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:53 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_43_22
Epibulbar choristomas are benign congenital ocular tumors characterized by abnormal growth in the epibulbar tissue, eyelids, and choroids. Two cases of epibulbar choristomas are described; the first one is a 39-year-old woman who presented a temporally conjunctival mass that had progressed in size accompanied by foreign body sensation and epiphora. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and surgical resection were performed with a histopathological diagnosis of dermolipoma. The second case is a 7-year-old boy with a congenital corneal lesion in the nasal sector, elevated, vascularized, and with decreased visual acuity. In both cases, OCT showed a thinned epithelium with hyporeflective subepithelial fusiform lesions. OCT is an auxiliary method for the diagnosis of conjunctival lesions, such as epibulbar choristomas.
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Original Article: Etiology and management of epiphora in an underserved, minority population |
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Narmien Murdock, Raquel T Pinto, Alberto G Distefano Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:52 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_56_22
Objective: There is value in understanding the common etiologies of epiphora within different patient populations as well as identifying barriers to adequate treatment and symptom relief. The primary goal of the study is to report common etiologies of epiphora and the impact of treatment in patients of a large, inner-city hospital.
Methods: This is a retrospective review of 10 years of data from the charts of 516 adult patients. The most common diagnoses and interventions linked to this symptom were evaluated. Subjective symptom improvement and adherence to follow-up were also analyzed.
Results: Three hundred (58.1%) patients carried a diagnosis of dry eye syndrome and, of these, 40.1% did not have other ocular findings to explain their epiphora. Conservative management (CM) was recommended to the majority (86.4%) of the study population. 27.5% of the 357 patients who received CM as the only intervention reported symptom improvement. 90.1% of patients who underwent DCR reported symptom improvement. Nearly half of the patients were lost to follow-up.
Conclusion: Epiphora is a common symptom that may be multifactorial in etiology, making effective treatment a challenge. Reflex tearing secondary to ocular surface dryness was the most common etiology linked to epiphora in this study. Low rates of follow-up limit the ability to fully assess the impact of current interventions on symptoms. Addressing the socioeconomic barriers that lower patient adherence to follow-up should allow more effective treatment of epiphora.
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Original Article: DES epidemic during COVID-19 crisis: A cross-sectional survey to emphasize education regarding ocular health |
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Alka Tripathi, Richa Agarwal, Pradip Kharya, Imran Ahmed Khan Pan Am J Ophthalmol 2022, 4:51 (22 November 2022) DOI:10.4103/pajo.pajo_49_22
Purpose: The use of ergonomic practices and ergonomic environment should be encouraged to combat digital eye strain (DES) symptoms.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the effect of online classes on ocular health of school-going children during COVID-19 crisis.
Materials and Methods: An online pretested, self-reported questionnaire with relevant details was generated through Google Forms and sent to participants.
Results: The most common symptoms associated with DES in our study were eyestrain, 27.4% (N = 82), and headache, 26.8% (N = 80) (P = 0.001). There was a positive correlation of number and frequency of symptoms with increasing age and class standard of participants (P = 0.001), usage of multiple screens as well as smartphones (P = 0.004), the time spent on digital screen (P = 0.00), and continuous screen time (P = 0.004). Increasing screen distance had a negative correlation to number and frequency of symptoms (P = 0.03).
Conclusion: COVID-19 pandemic has bought DES once again into limelight due its implications on overall physical, mental, and social health of adults as well as children. It is high time for a coordinated approach to spread education and promotion of ocular health in the community with emphasis on reduction of screen time, inculcation of ergonomic practices, and role model behavior of parents. This survey also gives an insight on the measures needed to be taken for safety of our children's ocular health, and therefore, it would reduce the stress faced by their parents.
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