We report herein a case of a child with nephrotic syndrome (NS) who presented with acute convergent strabismus, double vision, and papilledema one week after a history of badly treated sinusitis. The imaging study revealed an extensive thrombosis of the intracranial sinuses that was treated with intravenous heparin and oral corticosteroids. Four months later, the case evolved with spontaneous resolution of ocular deviation and diplopia.

Purpose: To determine the activity of metformin in an in vitro model of posterior capsule opacification (PCO). Study Design: Experimental laboratory research. Methods: The HLE-B3 lens epithelial cell line was treated with PCO induction media (PCOM) supplemented with transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and fibro-blast growth factor (FGF). Different metformin concentrations (0-100 mM) were used. The following cellular parameters were assessed: (1) survival, using a viability assay; (2) morphology, via microscopy and image analysis; (3) migration, using the wound assay; (4) and expression of epithelial (Pax6, E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (α-smooth muscle actin or α-SMA, fibronectin) markers via Western blot. Expression of the uptake receptor SLC22A1 was evaluated in HLE-B3 and in human donor eyes with Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post-hoc test was done for analysis of cytotoxicity, morphology and migration data. Results: Metformin was lethal to half (LC₅₀) of the cells at 30 mM, and a decrease in viability (P<0.05) was noted at 5 mM. LECs in PCOM treated with 1 mM metformin showed increased Pax6 and E-cadherin and decreased α-SMA and fibronectin expression. LECs in PCOM treated with metformin also maintained epithelial morphology. Migration was inhibited with 0.5 mM metformin (P<0.05). Both HLE-B3 and the lens epithelium in donor eyes were found to express SLC22A1. Conclusion: Metformin decreased survival and migration in LECs, maintaining epithelial phenotype and reducing mesenchymal marker expression. Metformin therefore has potential as an adjunct in PCO prevention.

Purpose: To help the ophthalmologist in the study and update of the exciting area of ocular inflammation and uveitis. Concerning the most recent clinical entities, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options, we propose a review of the main international journals: Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Retina, Ocular Immunology and Inflammation and Journal of Ophthalmic Infection and Inflammation. Methods: A descriptive bibliographic review of the papers published in 2017 in the previously mentioned journals. Results: Sorted in the following categories: pediatric uveítis, scleritis, infectious uveítis, non-infectious uveítis, diagnostic and treatment, the main outcomes are analyzed. Conclusion: Last year 2017 offers numerous papers of the highest interest and relevance in the field of ocular inflammation and uveítis. Resumen Objetivo: Facilitar el estudio de las aportaciones más relevantes en el campo de la inflamación ocular y uveítis. Se propone una revisión de las principales revistas internacionales, incluyendo: Ophthalmology, American Journal of Ophthalmology, Retina, Ocular Inmunology and Inflammation y Journal of Ophthalmic Infection and Inflammation. Método: Revisión bibliográfica descriptiva de los artículos publicados durante el año 2017 en las revistas anteriormente citadas. Resultados: De forma narrativa, se analizan las categorías de uveítis pediátricas, escleritis, uveítis infecciosas, uveítis no infecciosas, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Conclusiones: El campo de la inflamación ocular y la uveítis evoluciona a gran velocidad, y durante el año 2017 hemos sido testigos de un gran número de publicaciones de alto impacto a nivel clínico, diagnóstico y terapéutico.