Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that still remains a public health problem in many countries. Its incidence in industrialized countries has been increasing during recent years due to HIV infection and immigration. Tuberculosis affects primarily the lung and lymph nodes but has the potential to infect almost every organ system and unusual presentations raise difficulties in differential diagnosis. The authors report a rare case of tuberculosis affecting the nasolacrimal system.

We report a case in which the vitreous was inadvertently stained with trypan blue during cataract surgery.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a important cause of ophthalmia neonatorum, and it can cause multiple complications in the newborn, including corneal perforation, panophtalmitis and blindness. We report a case of 1 month old newborn with bilateral infectious conjunctivitis and corneal unilateral commitment, with positive culture for gonococcus. ACT showed intraocular inflammatory involvement of the left eye. It is managed with intravenous antibiotic therapy, evolving with opacification , vascularization , progressive thinning of the cornea and athalamia of the left eye. It undergoes surgery for corneal patch and anterior chamber reshaping. During follow-up, eye ultrasound examination showed normal right eye and a smaller axial length and choroidal thickening of the left eye. RESUMEN Neisseria gonorrhoeae es una causa importante de oftalmía neonatal, pudiendo causar múltiples complicaciones en el recién nacido, incluyendo perforación corneal, panoftalmitis y ceguera. Se presenta caso de recién nacido de 1 mes de vida, con conjuntivitis infecciosa bilateral y compromiso corneal unilateral, además de cultivo positivo para gonococo. Tomografía axial computarizada de órbita mostró compromiso inflamatorio intraocular del ojo izquierdo. Se manejó con terapia antibiótica endovenosa, evolucionando con opacificación, vascularización, adelgazamiento progresivo de la córnea y atalamia del ojo izquierdo. Se sometió a cirugía para parche corneal y reformación de cámara anterior. Durante seguimiento, ecografía ocular mostró un examen normal del ojo derecho y una menor longitud axial y engrosamiento coroideo del ojo izquierdo.

Our purpose is to report a clinical case of bilateral macular edema caused by malignant hypertension in a 35-year old male. Patient presented with bilateral low visual acuity, massive macular edema, retinal hemorrhages and papilledema. Soon after he was diagnosed with other target-organ lesions, on heart and kidneys. After 6 months of controlled blood pressure, an increase in visual acuity and a small decrease of macular edema, we effectively treated the lower vision eye with two intravitreal ranibizumab injections, improving anatomy and function on both eyes. Even though we only treated one eye with ranibizumab, the contralateral eye also improved visual acuity and central macular thickness. This probably happened due to systemic absorption of ranibizumab. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ranibizumab use in macular edema due to malignant hypertension.

Purpose: To analyze eye health and visual acuity in children and teenagers to promote early detection and treatment of visual impairments. Methods: Public school students were pre-screened by teachers, and those who presented behavior, signs, or symptoms of decreased visual acuity (VA) or any other type of ophthalmological disorder, participated in a VA screening. The VA was registered for each eye, with or without optical correction. Children with VA less than or equal to 0.18 (logMAR) in the worst eye, and/or with complaints of asthenopia, eye irritation and itching, strabismus, conjunctival or corneal lesions were referred to the Ophthalmology Department of Celso Pierro Hospital for a complete ophthalmological evaluation. Results: Fifty (52.63%) patients were male and 45 (47.37%) were female. The average age of the participants was 10 years. Their eyes were evaluated and 114 (77.03%) presented refractive errors; 7 (9.45%) of the patients who were referred to the clinic already wore prescription eyeglasses, and all of them had inappropriate refractive correction. Conclusion: The most common refractive errors were: astigmatism in 94 (82.45%) children, myopia in 14 (9.72%) and hyperopia in 6 (4.16%). The conclusion is that there are not enough visual campaign and screening exams in public schools.

Purpose: To correlate macular pigment density in patients without ocular pathology and risk factors for development of DMLI. Study design: Transversal study. Methods: 119 eyes from 60 patients (34 women and 26 men) without ocular pathology and with risk factors for DMLI seen at Garcia de Orta Hospital between June and August 2013. Macular pigment density was evaluated with heterochromatic flicker photometry (QuantifEYE®). All participants received a complete ophthalmological examination and respond a questionary about their actual health status, lifestyle and demographic information. Results: The macular pigment density average was 0,4450 ± 0,09932. We noticed a negative and statistical significant correlation between macular pigment density and the following risk factors: age, HbA1c in diabetics, hypercholesterolemia, systolic arterial pressure, tobacco exposure and ex-smokers (p<0,05). It was observed a positive and statistical significant correlation between the ingestion frequency of food containing carotenoids and macular pigment density (p<0,05). Conclusions: Macular pigment density was lower according to age and risk factors for the development of ARMD Resumo Objetivo: Correlacionar a densidade de pigmento macular em indivíduos sem doença ocular com fatores de risco para a DMLI. Desenho do estudo: Estudo transversal. Métodos: 119 olhos de 60 pacientes (34 mulheres e 26 homens) sem doença ocular e com fatores de risco para DMLI identificados em primeira consulta no Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Garcia de Orta entre Junho e Agosto de 2013. Avaliou-se a densidade de pigmento macular com fotometria heterocromática de Flicker (QuantifEYE®) de ambos os olhos. Realizou-se exame oftalmológico completo e foi elaborado um questionário sobre o estado de saúde, estilo de vida e demografia. Resultados: A média de densidade de pigmento macular foi de 0,4450±0,09932. Detetouse correlações negativas e estatisticamente significativas entre a densidade de pigmento e os seguintes fatores: idade, HbA1c dos diabéticos, colesterolémia, pressão arterial sistólica, unidade de maços de tabaco/ano nos fumadores e ex-fumadores (p<0,05). Existiu uma correlação positiva e significativa entre a frequência de ingestão de alimentos contendo carotenóides e a densidade de pigmento macular (p<0,05). Conclusões: Neste estudo, a densidade de pigmento macular apresentou tendência a diminuir com a idade e a ser inferior em indivíduos com fatores de risco para a DMLI.

Purpose: To trace the epidemiology of eye diseases seen in the emergency eye care center in Campinas, Brasil. Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, retrospective survey was conducted involving patient records assisted in the emergency room in January of 2014. The factors analyzed were age, gender, origin of patient and nosological entities. Results: A total of 1063 patients were attended. 55.9% were male and 44.1% female. Mean age was 37 years old. Of this sample, 18.2% were ocular trauma, 16.9% infectious conjunctivitis, 7.8% keratitis, 7.6% hordeolum, 7.5% ocular allergies, 4.7% subconjuntival hemorrhage, 3.9% blepharitis and meibomitis, 3.6% pterygium, 3.4% corneal ulcer and 26% other diagnosis. 73.5% were from emergency eye care admittance of our service and 26.5% were referrals from other services. Conclusion: The most frequent etiology was ocular trauma. The majority of patients were male in economically active age and their main origin was from admittance of emergency eye care center.

Introduction: Intraocular lens calculation has become one of the main features of cataract surgery. Accurate lens calculation is an important factor in patient satisfaction and quality of life. The purpose of our study is to evaluate which formula (SRK II, HofferQ, Holladay 1 and SRK-T) was nearest to the final refraction after cataract surgery, using the IOLMaster®. Material and Methods: We evaluated 101 eyes of 78 cataract patients. The expected refraction with the intraocular lens used in each patient was calculated with the different formulas and compared to the patient refraction one month after surgery. We obtained data retrospectively from 23 eyes with axial length inferior to 22 mm, 62 eyes with axial length between 22 and 26 mm and 16 eyes with axial length superior to 26 mm. Results: The mean refraction after cataract surgery for all patients was -0.277 diopters (D) ± 0.94. Hoffer Q performed better for eyes with axial length inferior to 22 mm with a mean absolute error (difference between lens calculation and final refraction) of 0.4957 D ± 0.396. For eyes with axial length between 22 and 26 mm SRK-T performed better with a mean absolute error of 0.4515 D ± 0.323 and for eyes with axial length superior to 26 mm SRK-T performed better with a mean absolute error of 0.5538 D ± 0.333. We did not find any statistical difference in the comparison between third generation formulas; we found statistical significance when comparing HofferQ and SRKII in the“inferior to 22 mm” group and SRK-T and SRKII in the“between 22 and 26 mm” group. Conclusions: All third generation formulas can be used to calculate the intraocular lens. We recommend using HofferQ in axial length inferior to 22 mm and using SRK-T in axial length superior to 22 mm.