Purpose: To report a case of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma metastasis to the orbit via peri-neural invasion. Method: Case report. Results: Metastasis of a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma to the orbit via peri-neural invasion confirmed by histopathology analysis. Conclusion: The ophthalmologist must have a high index of suspicion of cutaneous malignancy metastasis via peri-neural invasion when approaching a patient with unexplained facial paralysis associated to an orbital tumor. Resumen Propósito: Reportar un caso de metástasis de un carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas a la órbita vía diseminación peri neural (DPN) y realizar una revisión literaria de esta entidad. Método: Reporte de caso. Resultados: Metástasis de un carcinoma cutáneo de células escamosas vía DPN a la órbita confirmado por estudios histopatológicos. Conclusión: El oftalmólogo debe tener presente el concepto de DPN de una malignidad cutáneo de la cara cuando aborda un paciente con parálisis facial inexplicada asociado a tumor orbitario. El Denominador Común de una Parálisis Facial Inexplicada, Tumor de Órbita y Carcinoma Cutánea de Células Escamosas: Diseminación Peri neural de una Malignidad Cutánea.

La queratitis nodosa es una reacción inflamatoria ocular a los pelos de insectos, pero ha sido descrita también en individuos que tienen contacto con tarántulas. Las lesiones que se han relacionado incluyen granulomas de conjuntiva, infiltrados corneales alrededor de los pelos urticantes, uveítis anterior e inclusive infiltrados en la retina. La tarántulas pertenecen al género conocido con Theraphosidae, un subgrupo de los Mygalomorphos (que deriva del griego mygale: ratón de campo). Aunque todas ellas son venenosas, algunas de ellas pueden ser manipuladas con relativa seguridad. Sus mecanismos de defensa son las mordeduras con sus colmillos, pero también levantan y agitan las patas traseras, y al hacerlo disparan los pelos urticantes que se encuentran en el dorso de su abdomen.

PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of isopropyl alcohol 70% versus sodium hypo-chlorite in the disinfection of Goldmann tonometer prism in a clinical setting. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, comparative clinical study. METHODS: Isopropyl alcohol 70% and sodium hypochlorite were compared to a control group in a total of eighty-one tonometer prisms used in different patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy of isopropyl alcohol 70% and sodium hypo-chlorite in the disinfection of Goldmann tonometer prism. RESULTS: No statistical difference was found between isopropyl alcohol 70% and sodium hypochlorite in bacterial elimination (100%) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that tonometer prism disinfection might not be necessary unless infection susceptibility factors such as corneal deformities and conjunctivitis or systemic infections are present.

PURPOSE: To report a case of silicon exoplant extrusion 10 years after scleral buckle surgery. METHODS: Case Report. RESULTS: The patient agreed to the enucleation of the right globe with the extruded scleral buckle, due to the symptoms of this phthisical eye. DISCUSSION: Scleral buckle surgery has a wide range of complications, either at the short- or long-term interval after the procedure. Due to these, lifelong yearly follow up of patients with scleral buckling implantation is justifiable and mandatory.

INTRODUCTION: Because of long time morbility and the incrising number of premature newborn that survive, rethinophathy of prematurity still is a special disease to study. Nowadays more than oxigenotherapy or lasertherapy some new treatments using growth factors that normally promote the normal vascularization are arising. PURPOSE: the authors make a review of published articles about the growth factors that promote and downregulate retinal vascularization. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the authors have made a search of publishe articles on Medline and Pubmed since Janu ary 2000 in English, Portuguese and Spanis using these keywords: prematurity, retino pathy, oxigenotherapy, neovascularizatio growth factor. They also make manual searc on books of ophthalmology, paediatrics an embryology. RESULTS: They selected tw review articles and sixteen investigation a ticles over hundred and ten that were found CONCLUSION: The advance in the unders tanding of neovascularization seams to have practical application in a near future not only on prematurity but also in others disease lik diabetic retinopathy or DMLI. Resumo INTRODUÇÃO: A retinopatia do prematuro continua a ter especial atenção dada a morbilidade que apresenta a longo prazo e também a quantidade de recém-nascidos cada vez mais prematuros que os avanços científicos conseguem fazer sobreviver. Hoje em dia além do controlo da oxigenoterapia e laserterapia começam a querer-se incluir novos tratamentos usando os próprios factores promotores da normal vascularização retiniana. OBJECTIVO: fazer uma breve revisão do que foi publicado sobre os vários factores promotores e inibidores da vascularização. MÉTODOS: Foi efectuada uma pesquisa de artigos publicados na base de dados Medline/Pubmed desde Janeiro de 2000, em língua inglesa, portuguesa ou espanhola, usando as palavras chave: prematurity, retinopathy, oxigenotherapy, neovascularization, growth factor. Foi também realizada pesquisa manual em livros de Oftalmologia, Pediatria e Embriologia. RESULTADOS: Dos cento e dez artigos encontrados foram seleccionados 2 artigos de revisão e dezasseis artigos de investigação que serviram de base a este artigo. CONCLUSÕES: Os avanços do conhecimento nesta área da vascularização tem aplicação prática num futuro próximo, não só nesta patologia como em outras em que há neovascularização, nomeadamente retinopatia diabética ou DMLI.

Acanthamoeba keratitis is a sight-threatening corneal infection, which is rare, but may be increasing in frequency. The spectrum of disease ranges from mild, with an excellent prognosis, to severe and complicated with significantmorbidity. Its diagnosis is frequently delayed and the index of suspicion needs to be high, particularly in cases of atypical keratitis in contact lens wearers. Prolonged medical therapy with multiple anti-amoebal agents is usually required and penetrating keratoplasty is sometimes necessary for visual rehabilitatio.

SUMMARY We present a prospective study analyzing a series of patients with ophthalmic cephalgia, probably induced by an erroneous position of the screen more than five degrees above the level of the sight in VDT users. All patients included in the analysis used the VDT more than 4 hours every day, complained of cephalgia and asthenopia as one of their symptoms and were using the screen computer 15 degrees above eye level. Patients with other causes of cephalgia such as inappropriate refraction, general disorders and use of laptops were excluded. After several weeks and proper positioning of the screen, patients were questioned about their symptoms, and 70% reported a clear improvement. The pathophysiology of this finding called "screen VDT cephalgia" are discussed along with its importance and relevance in the workplace from and ophthalmologic and ergonomic standpoint. RESUMEN Se presenta un estudio prospectivo en el que se analizan una serie de pacientes en los que se les sospechó una cefalea oftálmica inducida por la mala posición de uso de los monitores de computador, de acuerdo a un protocolo en el que se recomienda que la altura del mismo este al menos 15 grados por debajo del eje visual. Todos los pacientes incluídos usaban el computador tipo personal por un lapso mayor de 4 horas diarias, tenían cefalea y utilizaban el monitor por encima del eje visual. A todos se les descartó cualquier otra causa oftalmológica o sistémica responsable de la cefalea. Se excluyeron aquellos pacientes usuarios de laptop. La mejoría de los síntomas astenópicos fue del 70% tres semanas o más después de haber corregido la altura de uso del monitor. Se insiste en la importancia desde el punto de vista ocular, laboral y ergológico y se explican las posibles causas fisiológicas responsables de este nuevo síndrome del Monitor.