The results of preclinical and finished clinical trials revealed the efficacy of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy as antiangiogenic and antipermeability agents. The safety of single-dose intravitreal injections of different dosages has been established. Macugen has been the first approved anti-VEGF drug in the United States since December 2004 for the treatment of neo-vascular AMD. The results of the ongoing ranibizumab (Lucentis) trials that are currently running will need to compare to that observed with pegaptanib in similarly designed phase trials. In addition, the preliminary data from the bevacizumab SANA study and intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) are promising. We are looking forward to the results of the Phase III randomized trials. Probably, the combination of anti-VEGF compounds with photodynamic therapy or intravitreal steroids may be the future management of choroidal neovascularization. This article will review the current role of anti-VEGF therapy in the management of choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To report a case of unilateral Pneumocistis carinii (Pc) choroiditis as a primary presentation of disseminated pneumocystosis in immunocompetent patient. Materials and Methods: Clinical examination on of a 25-year-old caucasian female with cystic fibrosis and impaired left eye vision. Results: Polimerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of vitreous humor tested positive for Pc. Laboratory investigations proved her immunological competence and excluded other infeccious diseases. Choroiditis regressed after specific therapy with intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Vitrectomy was performed for residual epiretinal membrane. Conclusions: Ophthalmologic examination is an important tool in the dianosis of disseminated pneumocystosis. In contrast to what is currently accepted, this case suggests that unilateral choroiditis may be caused by Pc, no matter the immunocompetence status of the patient. Resumo Objectivo: Apresentar a coroidite por Pneumocystis carinii (Pc) com as particularidades de contexto de imunocompetência, ausência de história prévia de pneumonia a Pc ou sua profilaxia, apresentação unilateral e o envolvimento do vítreo. Material e Métodos: Descreve-se o caso de um doente com fibrose quística que recorre à consulta de oftalmologia por diminuição da acuidade visual monocular esquerda. Resultados:: A investigação oftalmológica foi compatível com o diagnóstico de coroidite por Pc, identificando-se este parasita através da análise do humor vítreo por PCR do DNA. O estudo sistémico (analítico, bacteriológico, imunológico e imagiológico) não revelou patologia infecciosa concomitante e comprovou a competência imunológica. Instituiu-se terapêutica com trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol endovenoso, obtendo-se uma regressão quase completa das lesões. Procedeu-se a cirurgia vitreo-retiniana para remoção de membrana epi-retiniana residual. Conclusões: A coroidite por Pc pode ser o primeiro e único sinal de doença sistémica. O exame oftalmológico revelou-se um instrumento diagnóstico da pneumocistose disseminada, para a qual não existe teste serológico ou investigação clínica complementar específicos. Este caso sugere que o envolvimento oftalmológico pelo Pc não está limitado ao contexto da SIDA ou outras imunodeficiências. Num contexto de imunocompetência, uma coroidite unilateral com envolvimento do vítreo deverá incluir no seu diagnóstico diferencial o Pneumocystis carinii como agente etiológico responsável.

Purpose: To describe the ophthalmic coherence tomography (OCT) findings of a case of Juvenile X-linked Retinoschisis. Methods: Case report Results: OCT of the posterior pole demonstrated a diffuse cystic degeneration in the outer plexiform layer of the retina. Conclusion: OCT findings in patients with X-linked Juvenile Retinoschisis consistently demonstrate an intraretinal splitting. OCT, therefore may be helpful in the diagnosis of this rare disease.

Rosacea is a skin disease that frequently involves the eye. Chronic inflammation can lead to corneal vascularization with decreased visual acuity. Treatment of ocular rosacea includes lubricants, lid hygiene, and the use of topical and systemic medications to control inflammation. Systemic tetracyclines are the mainstay of treatment.